This passage starts with the people’s eyes upon the Lord, looking to see what he would do.
And here we see how God would bring Alexander the Great to bring judgment upon Syria, Tyre and Sidon, and Philistia.
The prophecies here detail the route Alexander took in his campaigns. He started with Hadrach (probably a place in Syria) and Damascus. Then he conquered Tyre and Sidon.
Tyre had been a place that even the Assyrians and Babylonians could not conquer, despite sieges of five and thirteen years respectively. But Alexander managed to conquer it within seven months.
Alexander then went on to conquer the Philistines (Gaza, Ashkelon, Ekron, and Ashdod were all cities there).
He ended the Philistine monarchy, and depopulated the cities before bringing in other people to live there in the Philistines’ place.
But then it says in verse 8,
But I will encamp at my temple to guard it against marauding forces.
Never again will an oppressor overrun my people, for now I am keeping watch. (Zechariah 9:8)
In the midst of Alexander’s campaigns, Jerusalem was spared.
Josephus tells the account of how God appeared to the high priest in a dream and told him not to fear but to open the city gates and to go meet Alexander when he came.
The high priest went out with purple and gold clothing, while the rest of the priests went out in white linen.
When they did, Alexander approached the high priest, and kissed the name of God that was on the golden plate that was on the priest’s headpiece.
When asked why he did so, he said that he had had a dream in which he had seen a person wearing the same clothing bidding him to cross Asia and conquer the Persian empire.
Alexander then allowed the Jews to keep living according to their own laws, and also made them exempt from taxes every seven years.
What can we get from this? God is truly the one who watches over all and is in control.
To those who defy him will eventually come judgment. But to those who humble themselves before him, he will protect them.
He did so for the Jews and he will do so for us. As David wrote,
The angel of the Lord encamps around those who fear him, and he delivers them.
Taste and see that the Lord is good; blessed is the one who takes refuge in him. (Psalm 34:7–8)